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\begin{document}

\begin{center}
    \small Les 6 exercices d'arithmétique ci-dessous peuvent être réalisés facilement avec une calculatrice. Mais maîtrisez-vous les automatismes nécessaires pour vous en passer ? Division euclidienne, multiples, décomposition en facteurs premiers, PPCM, PGCD, fractions irréductibles et nombres premiers : un tour d'horizon complet du programme de cycle 4, utile pour réviser le DNB.
\end{center}
\vspace{0.5em}
\sloppy


{\color{blue}

« Les 6 exercices suivants peuvent être réalisés facilement avec une calculatrice. Mais maîtrisez-vous les automatismes nécessaires pour vous en passer ? »

}

\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 1}}\par

{\color{green!60!black}
    Encadre 789 et 498 par deux multiples consécutifs de 22.
    }

\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 2}}\par

{\color{green!60!black}
        Quel est le plus grand multiple de 23 inférieur à 361 ?
        }

\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 3}}\par

{\color{green!60!black}
        Quel est le plus petit multiple de 9 supérieur à 192 ?
        }

\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 4}}\par

{\color{green!60!black}
\begin{enumerate}
\item Décompose 272 et 12005 en produit de facteurs premiers.
 \item Déduis leur PPCM (Plus petit multiple commun)
 \item Déduis en leur PGCD (Plus grand diviseur commun)
 \item Simplifie au maximum la fraction :
\par\addvspace{.55em}
\(\dfrac{272}{12005}\)
\end{enumerate}
}

\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 5}}\par

{\color{green!60!black}
\begin{enumerate}
\item Donne les listes ordonnées des diviseurs de  222 et 348.
 \item Donne la liste ordonnée de leurs diviseurs communs.
 \item Déduis-en le PGCD de 222 et 348.
 \item Simplifie au maximum la fraction :
\par\addvspace{.55em}
\(\dfrac{222}{348}\)
\end{enumerate}
}

"
\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 6}}\par

{\color{green!60!black} Les nombres suivants sont-ils premiers ? 17764;  2479;  4047; 271 }

 \newpage
\section*{\textcolor{red}{Correction}}

\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 1}}\par

{\color{green!60!black}
        Encadre 789 et 498 par deux multiples consécutifs de 22.
        }

On effectue la division euclidienne de 789 par 22 :

 
\begin{center}\begin{tikzpicture}[line width=0.6pt]
  \draw[gray] (1.540,1.430) -- (1.540,1.320);
  \draw[black] (1.980,1.705) -- (1.980,0.220);
  \draw[black] (1.980,1.430) -- (2.860,1.430);
  \draw[black] (1.045,1.265) -- (1.375,1.265);
  \draw[black] (1.045,0.825) -- (1.595,0.825);
  \draw[blue] (0.990,1.705) .. controls (1.137,1.778) and (1.283,1.778) .. (1.430,1.705);
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.100,1.540) {7};
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,1.540) {8};
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,1.540) {9};
  \node[black, anchor=base west, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (2.200,1.540) {22};
  \node[blue, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (2.200,1.210) {3};
  \node[blue, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (2.420,1.210) {5};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,1.320) {6};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.100,1.320) {6};
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  \node[green!55!black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,1.100) {2};
  \node[green!55!black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.100,1.100) {1};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,0.880) {0};
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  \node[green!55!black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,0.605) {1};
\end{tikzpicture}\end{center}


\begin{itemize}
\item[] 789 = 22 \(\times\) 35 + 19 et 19 \(<\) 22
 \item[] 789 = 770 + 19
 \item[] {\color{red}
donc 770 \(<\) 789 \(<\) 792 (770 + 22)}
\end{itemize}

De même:

On effectue la division euclidienne de 498 par 22 :

 
\begin{center}\begin{tikzpicture}[line width=0.6pt]
  \draw[gray] (1.540,1.430) -- (1.540,1.320);
  \draw[black] (1.980,1.705) -- (1.980,0.220);
  \draw[black] (1.980,1.430) -- (2.860,1.430);
  \draw[black] (1.045,1.265) -- (1.375,1.265);
  \draw[black] (1.265,0.825) -- (1.595,0.825);
  \draw[blue] (0.990,1.705) .. controls (1.137,1.778) and (1.283,1.778) .. (1.430,1.705);
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.100,1.540) {4};
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,1.540) {9};
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,1.540) {8};
  \node[black, anchor=base west, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (2.200,1.540) {22};
  \node[blue, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (2.200,1.210) {2};
  \node[blue, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (2.420,1.210) {2};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,1.320) {4};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.100,1.320) {4};
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,1.100) {8};
  \node[green!55!black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,1.100) {5};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,0.880) {4};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,0.880) {4};
  \node[green!55!black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,0.605) {4};
  \node[green!55!black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,0.605) {1};
\end{tikzpicture}\end{center}


\begin{itemize}
\item[] 498 = 22 \(\times\) 22 + 14 et 14 \(<\) 22
 \item[] 498 = 484 + 14
 \item[] {\color{red}
donc 484 \(<\) 498 \(<\) 506 (484 + 22)}
\end{itemize}

\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 2}}\par

{\color{green!60!black}
           Quel est le plus grand multiple de 23 inférieur à 361 ?
           }

On effectue la division euclidienne de 361 par 23 :

 
\begin{center}\begin{tikzpicture}[line width=0.6pt]
  \draw[gray] (1.540,1.430) -- (1.540,1.320);
  \draw[black] (1.980,1.705) -- (1.980,0.220);
  \draw[black] (1.980,1.430) -- (2.860,1.430);
  \draw[black] (1.045,1.265) -- (1.375,1.265);
  \draw[black] (1.045,0.825) -- (1.595,0.825);
  \draw[blue] (0.990,1.705) .. controls (1.137,1.778) and (1.283,1.778) .. (1.430,1.705);
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.100,1.540) {3};
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,1.540) {6};
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,1.540) {1};
  \node[black, anchor=base west, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (2.200,1.540) {23};
  \node[blue, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (2.200,1.210) {1};
  \node[blue, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (2.420,1.210) {5};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,1.320) {3};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.100,1.320) {2};
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,1.100) {1};
  \node[green!55!black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,1.100) {3};
  \node[green!55!black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.100,1.100) {1};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,0.880) {5};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,0.880) {1};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.100,0.880) {1};
  \node[green!55!black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,0.605) {6};
  \node[green!55!black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,0.605) {1};
\end{tikzpicture}\end{center}


\begin{itemize}
\item[] 361 = 23 \(\times\) 15 + 16 et 16 \(<\) 23
\item[] {\color{red} Le plus grand multiple de 23 inférieur à 361 est donc 23 \(\times\) 15 = 345.}
\end{itemize}

\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 3}}\par

{\color{green!60!black}
            Quel est le plus petit multiple de 9 supérieur à 192 ?
           }

On effectue la division euclidienne de 192 par 9 :

 
\begin{center}\begin{tikzpicture}[line width=0.6pt]
  \draw[gray] (1.540,1.430) -- (1.540,1.320);
  \draw[black] (1.980,1.705) -- (1.980,0.220);
  \draw[black] (1.980,1.430) -- (2.860,1.430);
  \draw[black] (1.045,1.265) -- (1.375,1.265);
  \draw[black] (1.265,0.825) -- (1.595,0.825);
  \draw[blue] (0.990,1.705) .. controls (1.137,1.778) and (1.283,1.778) .. (1.430,1.705);
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.100,1.540) {1};
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,1.540) {9};
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,1.540) {2};
  \node[black, anchor=base west, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (2.200,1.540) {9};
  \node[blue, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (2.200,1.210) {2};
  \node[blue, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (2.420,1.210) {1};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,1.320) {8};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.100,1.320) {1};
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,1.100) {2};
  \node[green!55!black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,1.100) {1};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,0.880) {9};
  \node[green!55!black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,0.605) {3};
\end{tikzpicture}\end{center}


\begin{itemize}
\item[] 192 = 9 \(\times\) 21 + 3 et 3 \(<\) 9
\item[] {\color{red} Le plus petit multiple de 9 inférieur à 192 est donc 9 \(\times\) 22 = 198.}
\end{itemize}

\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 4}}\par

{\color{green!60!black}
    Décomposition de  272 en produit de facteurs premiers :

    
{\color{black}\begin{center}
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.1}
\begin{tabular}{r|l}
272 & 2\\
136 & 2\\
68 & 2\\
34 & 2\\
17 & 17\\
1 & \\
\end{tabular}\qquad 272 = 2\textsuperscript{4} $\times$ 17
\end{center}}

    Décomposition de  12005 en produit de facteurs premiers :

    
{\color{black}\begin{center}
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.1}
\begin{tabular}{r|l}
12005 & 5\\
2401 & 7\\
343 & 7\\
49 & 7\\
7 & 7\\
1 & \\
\end{tabular}\qquad 12005 = 5 $\times$ 7\textsuperscript{4}
\end{center}}

\begin{enumerate}
\item {\color{red} Décompositions :
\par\addvspace{.55em}
{\color{green!60!black} 272 = 2\textsuperscript{4} \(\times\) 17}
\par\addvspace{.55em}
{\color{green!60!black} 12005 = 5 \(\times\) 7\textsuperscript{4}}}
\item {\color{red} Calcul du plus petit multiple commun :
\par\addvspace{.55em}
{\color{green!60!black} PPCM(272;12005) = 2\textsuperscript{4} \(\times\) 5 \(\times\) 7\textsuperscript{4} \(\times\) 17 = 3265360}}
\item {\color{red} Calcul du plus grand
         diviseur commun :
\par\addvspace{.55em}
{\color{green!60!black} PGCD(272,12005) =  1}}
 \item {\color{red} Simplification de la fraction :
\par\addvspace{.55em}
 {\color{green!60!black} Leurs PGCD étant égal à 1, les nombres
272 et 12005 sont premiers entre eux.
\par\addvspace{.55em}

         Donc la fraction \(\dfrac{272}{12005}\) est irréductible.}}
\end{enumerate}
}

\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 5}}\par

{\color{green!60!black}
\begin{enumerate}
\item {\color{red} Les diviseurs :

{\color{green!60!black} 222 : \{ 1; 2; 3; 6; 37; 74; 111; 222 \}
\par\addvspace{.55em}

348 : \{ 1; 2; 3; 4; 6; 12; 29; 58; 87; 116; 174; 348 \}}

}
 \item {\color{red} Les diviseurs communs de 222 et 348 sont :

{\color{green!60!black}
\{ 1; 2; 3; 6 \}}

 }
\item {\color{red} Le plus grand diviseur commun de 222 et 348 est :

{\color{green!60!black}
PGCD(222;348) = 6}

}
 \item {\color{red} Simplification de la fraction :

{\color{green!60!black} Si on simplifie une fraction par
                 le plus grand diviseur commun à son numérateur
                 et son dénominateur, la fraction obtenue est irréductible.}

 {\color{green!60!black} d'où \(\dfrac{222}{348}\) = \(\dfrac{222:6}{348:6}\) = \(\dfrac{37}{58}\) } }
\end{enumerate}
}

\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 6}}\par

\begin{enumerate}
\item {\color{red}
        17764 est-il premier ?

{\color{green!60!black}

        17764 est pair donc \emph{17764 n'est pas un nombre premier}.}

}

\item {\color{red}
        2479 est-il premier ?

{\color{green!60!black}  2479 = 2 \(\times\) 1239 + 1 2479 = 3 \(\times\) 826 + 1 2479 = 5 \(\times\) 495 + 4 2479 = 7 \(\times\) 354 + 1 2479 = 11 \(\times\) 225 + 4 2479 = 13 \(\times\) 190 + 9 2479 = 17 \(\times\) 145 + 14 2479 = 19 \(\times\) 130 + 9 2479 = 23 \(\times\) 107 + 18 2479 = 29 \(\times\) 85 + 14 2479 = 31 \(\times\) 79 + 30 2479 = 37 \(\times\) 67 + 0
\par\addvspace{.55em}

            2479 est divisible par 37 donc\emph{  2479 n'est pas un nombre premier}.
            }

}
\item {\color{red}
        4047 est-il premier ?

{\color{green!60!black}

          4+0+4+7 = 15
\par\addvspace{.55em}
 1+5 = 6

{\color{green!60!black} Critère de divisibilité par 3 :
\par\addvspace{.55em}

                     Un nombre entier est divisible par 3 si (et seulement si) la somme de ses chiffres est elle-même divisible par 3.
                     .}

                     donc 4047 est divisible par 3.\emph{ donc 4047 n'est pas un nombre premier}.}

}
\item {\color{red}
        271 est-il premier ?

{\color{green!60!black}  271 = 2 \(\times\) 135 + 1 271 = 3 \(\times\) 90 + 1 271 = 5 \(\times\) 54 + 1 271 = 7 \(\times\) 38 + 5 271 = 11 \(\times\) 24 + 7 271 = 13 \(\times\) 20 + 11 271 = 17 \(\times\) 15 + 16
\par\addvspace{.55em}

            271 n'a pas d'autres diviseurs que 1 et 271  donc \emph{ 271 est un nombre premier.} }

}
\end{enumerate}
\end{document}
