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\begin{document}

\begin{center}
    \small Les 6 exercices d'arithmétique ci-dessous peuvent être réalisés facilement avec une calculatrice. Mais maîtrisez-vous les automatismes nécessaires pour vous en passer ? Division euclidienne, multiples, décomposition en facteurs premiers, PPCM, PGCD, fractions irréductibles et nombres premiers : un tour d'horizon complet du programme de cycle 4, utile pour réviser le DNB.
\end{center}
\vspace{0.5em}
\sloppy


{\color{blue}

« Les 6 exercices suivants peuvent être réalisés facilement avec une calculatrice. Mais maîtrisez-vous les automatismes nécessaires pour vous en passer ? »

}

\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 1}}\par

{\color{green!60!black}
    Encadre 831 et 426 par deux multiples consécutifs de 24.
    }

\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 2}}\par

{\color{green!60!black}
        Quel est le plus grand multiple de 5 inférieur à 92 ?
        }

\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 3}}\par

{\color{green!60!black}
        Quel est le plus petit multiple de 27 supérieur à 424 ?
        }

\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 4}}\par

{\color{green!60!black}
\begin{enumerate}
\item Décompose 1288 et 6800 en produit de facteurs premiers.
 \item Déduis leur PPCM (Plus petit multiple commun)
 \item Déduis en leur PGCD (Plus grand diviseur commun)
 \item Simplifie au maximum la fraction :
\par\addvspace{.55em}
\(\dfrac{1288}{6800}\)
\end{enumerate}
}

\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 5}}\par

{\color{green!60!black}
\begin{enumerate}
\item Donne les listes ordonnées des diviseurs de  9315 et 8512.
 \item Donne la liste ordonnée de leurs diviseurs communs.
 \item Déduis-en le PGCD de 9315 et 8512.
 \item Simplifie au maximum la fraction :
\par\addvspace{.55em}
\(\dfrac{9315}{8512}\)
\end{enumerate}
}

"
\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 6}}\par

{\color{green!60!black} Les nombres suivants sont-ils premiers ? 367;  1353;  2353; 7962 }

 \newpage
\section*{\textcolor{red}{Correction}}

\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 1}}\par

{\color{green!60!black}
        Encadre 831 et 426 par deux multiples consécutifs de 24.
        }

On effectue la division euclidienne de 831 par 24 :

 
\begin{center}\begin{tikzpicture}[line width=0.6pt]
  \draw[gray] (1.540,1.430) -- (1.540,1.320);
  \draw[black] (1.980,1.705) -- (1.980,0.220);
  \draw[black] (1.980,1.430) -- (2.860,1.430);
  \draw[black] (1.045,1.265) -- (1.375,1.265);
  \draw[black] (1.045,0.825) -- (1.595,0.825);
  \draw[blue] (0.990,1.705) .. controls (1.137,1.778) and (1.283,1.778) .. (1.430,1.705);
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.100,1.540) {8};
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,1.540) {3};
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,1.540) {1};
  \node[black, anchor=base west, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (2.200,1.540) {24};
  \node[blue, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (2.200,1.210) {3};
  \node[blue, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (2.420,1.210) {4};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,1.320) {2};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.100,1.320) {7};
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  \node[green!55!black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.100,1.100) {1};
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  \node[green!55!black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,0.605) {1};
\end{tikzpicture}\end{center}


\begin{itemize}
\item[] 831 = 24 \(\times\) 34 + 15 et 15 \(<\) 24
 \item[] 831 = 816 + 15
 \item[] {\color{red}
donc 816 \(<\) 831 \(<\) 840 (816 + 24)}
\end{itemize}

De même:

On effectue la division euclidienne de 426 par 24 :

 
\begin{center}\begin{tikzpicture}[line width=0.6pt]
  \draw[gray] (1.540,1.430) -- (1.540,1.320);
  \draw[black] (1.980,1.705) -- (1.980,0.220);
  \draw[black] (1.980,1.430) -- (2.860,1.430);
  \draw[black] (1.045,1.265) -- (1.375,1.265);
  \draw[black] (1.045,0.825) -- (1.595,0.825);
  \draw[blue] (0.990,1.705) .. controls (1.137,1.778) and (1.283,1.778) .. (1.430,1.705);
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.100,1.540) {4};
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,1.540) {2};
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,1.540) {6};
  \node[black, anchor=base west, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (2.200,1.540) {24};
  \node[blue, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (2.200,1.210) {1};
  \node[blue, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (2.420,1.210) {7};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,1.320) {4};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.100,1.320) {2};
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,1.100) {6};
  \node[green!55!black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,1.100) {8};
  \node[green!55!black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.100,1.100) {1};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,0.880) {8};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,0.880) {6};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.100,0.880) {1};
  \node[green!55!black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,0.605) {8};
  \node[green!55!black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,0.605) {1};
\end{tikzpicture}\end{center}


\begin{itemize}
\item[] 426 = 24 \(\times\) 17 + 18 et 18 \(<\) 24
 \item[] 426 = 408 + 18
 \item[] {\color{red}
donc 408 \(<\) 426 \(<\) 432 (408 + 24)}
\end{itemize}

\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 2}}\par

{\color{green!60!black}
           Quel est le plus grand multiple de 5 inférieur à 92 ?
           }

On effectue la division euclidienne de 92 par 5 :

 
\begin{center}\begin{tikzpicture}[line width=0.6pt]
  \draw[gray] (1.320,1.430) -- (1.320,1.320);
  \draw[black] (1.760,1.705) -- (1.760,0.220);
  \draw[black] (1.760,1.430) -- (2.640,1.430);
  \draw[black] (1.045,1.265) -- (1.155,1.265);
  \draw[black] (1.045,0.825) -- (1.375,0.825);
  \draw[blue] (0.990,1.705) .. controls (1.063,1.778) and (1.137,1.778) .. (1.210,1.705);
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.100,1.540) {9};
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,1.540) {2};
  \node[black, anchor=base west, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.980,1.540) {5};
  \node[blue, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.980,1.210) {1};
  \node[blue, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (2.200,1.210) {8};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.100,1.320) {5};
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,1.100) {2};
  \node[green!55!black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.100,1.100) {4};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,0.880) {0};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.100,0.880) {4};
  \node[green!55!black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,0.605) {2};
\end{tikzpicture}\end{center}


\begin{itemize}
\item[] 92 = 5 \(\times\) 18 + 2 et 2 \(<\) 5
\item[] {\color{red} Le plus grand multiple de 5 inférieur à 92 est donc 5 \(\times\) 18 = 90.}
\end{itemize}

\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 3}}\par

{\color{green!60!black}
            Quel est le plus petit multiple de 27 supérieur à 424 ?
           }

On effectue la division euclidienne de 424 par 27 :

 
\begin{center}\begin{tikzpicture}[line width=0.6pt]
  \draw[gray] (1.540,1.430) -- (1.540,1.320);
  \draw[black] (1.980,1.705) -- (1.980,0.220);
  \draw[black] (1.980,1.430) -- (2.860,1.430);
  \draw[black] (1.045,1.265) -- (1.375,1.265);
  \draw[black] (1.045,0.825) -- (1.595,0.825);
  \draw[blue] (0.990,1.705) .. controls (1.137,1.778) and (1.283,1.778) .. (1.430,1.705);
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.100,1.540) {4};
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,1.540) {2};
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,1.540) {4};
  \node[black, anchor=base west, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (2.200,1.540) {27};
  \node[blue, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (2.200,1.210) {1};
  \node[blue, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (2.420,1.210) {5};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,1.320) {7};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.100,1.320) {2};
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,1.100) {4};
  \node[green!55!black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,1.100) {5};
  \node[green!55!black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.100,1.100) {1};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,0.880) {5};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,0.880) {3};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.100,0.880) {1};
  \node[green!55!black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,0.605) {9};
  \node[green!55!black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,0.605) {1};
\end{tikzpicture}\end{center}


\begin{itemize}
\item[] 424 = 27 \(\times\) 15 + 19 et 19 \(<\) 27
\item[] {\color{red} Le plus petit multiple de 27 inférieur à 424 est donc 27 \(\times\) 16 = 432.}
\end{itemize}

\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 4}}\par

{\color{green!60!black}
    Décomposition de  1288 en produit de facteurs premiers :

    
{\color{black}\begin{center}
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.1}
\begin{tabular}{r|l}
1288 & 2\\
644 & 2\\
322 & 2\\
161 & 7\\
23 & 23\\
1 & \\
\end{tabular}\qquad 1288 = 2\textsuperscript{3} $\times$ 7 $\times$ 23
\end{center}}

    Décomposition de  6800 en produit de facteurs premiers :

    
{\color{black}\begin{center}
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.1}
\begin{tabular}{r|l}
6800 & 2\\
3400 & 2\\
1700 & 2\\
850 & 2\\
425 & 5\\
85 & 5\\
17 & 17\\
1 & \\
\end{tabular}\qquad 6800 = 2\textsuperscript{4} $\times$ 5\textsuperscript{2} $\times$ 17
\end{center}}

\begin{enumerate}
\item {\color{red} Décompositions :
\par\addvspace{.55em}
{\color{green!60!black} 1288 = 2\textsuperscript{3} \(\times\) 7 \(\times\) 23}
\par\addvspace{.55em}
{\color{green!60!black} 6800 = 2\textsuperscript{4} \(\times\) 5\textsuperscript{2} \(\times\) 17}}
\item {\color{red} Calcul du plus petit multiple commun :
\par\addvspace{.55em}
{\color{green!60!black} PPCM(1288;6800) = 2\textsuperscript{4} \(\times\) 5\textsuperscript{2} \(\times\) 7 \(\times\) 17 \(\times\) 23 = 1094800}}
\item {\color{red} Calcul du plus grand
         diviseur commun :
\par\addvspace{.55em}
{\color{green!60!black} PGCD(1288;6800) = 2\textsuperscript{3} = 8}}
\item {\color{red} Simplification de la fraction :
\par\addvspace{.55em}

{\color{green!60!black} Si on simplifie une fraction par
         le plus grand diviseur commun à son numérateur
         et son dénominateur, la fraction obtenue est irréductible.}

 {\color{green!60!black} d'où \(\dfrac{1288}{6800}\) = \(\dfrac{1288:8}{6800:8}\) = \(\dfrac{161}{850}\) } }
\end{enumerate}
}

\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 5}}\par

{\color{green!60!black}
\begin{enumerate}
\item {\color{red} Les diviseurs :

{\color{green!60!black} 9315 : \{ 1; 3; 5; 9; 15; 23; 27; 45; 69; 81; 115; 135; 207; 345; 405; 621; 1035; 1863; 3105; 9315 \}
\par\addvspace{.55em}

8512 : \{ 1; 2; 4; 7; 8; 14; 16; 19; 28; 32; 38; 56; 64; 76; 112; 133; 152; 224; 266; 304; 448; 532; 608; 1064; 1216; 2128; 4256; 8512 \}}

}
 \item {\color{red} Les diviseurs communs de 9315 et 8512 sont :

{\color{green!60!black}
\{ 1 \}}

 }
\item {\color{red} Le plus grand diviseur commun de 9315 et 8512 est :

{\color{green!60!black}
PGCD(9315;8512) = 1}

}
 \item {\color{red} Simplification de la fraction :

{\color{green!60!black} Leurs PGCD étant égal à 1, les nombres
9315 et 8512 sont premiers entre eux.}

 {\color{green!60!black} Donc la fraction \(\dfrac{9315}{8512}\) est irréductible.}}
\end{enumerate}
}

\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 6}}\par

\begin{enumerate}
\item {\color{red}
        367 est-il premier ?

{\color{green!60!black}  367 = 2 \(\times\) 183 + 1 367 = 3 \(\times\) 122 + 1 367 = 5 \(\times\) 73 + 2 367 = 7 \(\times\) 52 + 3 367 = 11 \(\times\) 33 + 4 367 = 13 \(\times\) 28 + 3 367 = 17 \(\times\) 21 + 10 367 = 19 \(\times\) 19 + 6 367 = 23 \(\times\) 15 + 22
\par\addvspace{.55em}

            367 n'a pas d'autres diviseurs que 1 et 367  donc \emph{ 367 est un nombre premier.} }

}
\item {\color{red}
        1353 est-il premier ?

{\color{green!60!black}

          1+3+5+3 = 12
\par\addvspace{.55em}
 1+2 = 3

{\color{green!60!black} Critère de divisibilité par 3 :
\par\addvspace{.55em}

                     Un nombre entier est divisible par 3 si (et seulement si) la somme de ses chiffres est elle-même divisible par 3.
                     .}

                     donc 1353 est divisible par 3.\emph{ donc 1353 n'est pas un nombre premier}.}

}
\item {\color{red}
        2353 est-il premier ?

{\color{green!60!black}  2353 = 2 \(\times\) 1176 + 1 2353 = 3 \(\times\) 784 + 1 2353 = 5 \(\times\) 470 + 3 2353 = 7 \(\times\) 336 + 1 2353 = 11 \(\times\) 213 + 10 2353 = 13 \(\times\) 181 + 0
\par\addvspace{.55em}

            2353 est divisible par 13 donc\emph{  2353 n'est pas un nombre premier}.
            }

}
\item {\color{red}
        7962 est-il premier ?

{\color{green!60!black}

        7962 est pair donc \emph{7962 n'est pas un nombre premier}.}

}

\end{enumerate}
\end{document}
