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\begin{document}

\begin{center}
    \small Les 6 exercices d'arithmétique ci-dessous peuvent être réalisés facilement avec une calculatrice. Mais maîtrisez-vous les automatismes nécessaires pour vous en passer ? Division euclidienne, multiples, décomposition en facteurs premiers, PPCM, PGCD, fractions irréductibles et nombres premiers : un tour d'horizon complet du programme de cycle 4, utile pour réviser le DNB.
\end{center}
\vspace{0.5em}
\sloppy


{\color{blue}

« Les 6 exercices suivants peuvent être réalisés facilement avec une calculatrice. Mais maîtrisez-vous les automatismes nécessaires pour vous en passer ? »

}

\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 1}}\par

{\color{green!60!black}
    Encadre 824 et 433 par deux multiples consécutifs de 21.
    }

\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 2}}\par

{\color{green!60!black}
        Quel est le plus grand multiple de 5 inférieur à 102 ?
        }

\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 3}}\par

{\color{green!60!black}
        Quel est le plus petit multiple de 21 supérieur à 242 ?
        }

\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 4}}\par

{\color{green!60!black}
\begin{enumerate}
\item Décompose 14904 et 8575 en produit de facteurs premiers.
 \item Déduis leur PPCM (Plus petit multiple commun)
 \item Déduis en leur PGCD (Plus grand diviseur commun)
 \item Simplifie au maximum la fraction :
\par\addvspace{.55em}
\(\dfrac{14904}{8575}\)
\end{enumerate}
}

\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 5}}\par

{\color{green!60!black}
\begin{enumerate}
\item Donne les listes ordonnées des diviseurs de  686 et 450.
 \item Donne la liste ordonnée de leurs diviseurs communs.
 \item Déduis-en le PGCD de 686 et 450.
 \item Simplifie au maximum la fraction :
\par\addvspace{.55em}
\(\dfrac{686}{450}\)
\end{enumerate}
}

"
\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 6}}\par

{\color{green!60!black} Les nombres suivants sont-ils premiers ? 1065;  14262;  643; 3247 }

 \newpage
\section*{\textcolor{red}{Correction}}

\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 1}}\par

{\color{green!60!black}
        Encadre 824 et 433 par deux multiples consécutifs de 21.
        }

On effectue la division euclidienne de 824 par 21 :

 
\begin{center}\begin{tikzpicture}[line width=0.6pt]
  \draw[gray] (1.540,1.430) -- (1.540,1.320);
  \draw[black] (1.980,1.705) -- (1.980,0.220);
  \draw[black] (1.980,1.430) -- (2.860,1.430);
  \draw[black] (1.045,1.265) -- (1.375,1.265);
  \draw[black] (1.045,0.825) -- (1.595,0.825);
  \draw[blue] (0.990,1.705) .. controls (1.137,1.778) and (1.283,1.778) .. (1.430,1.705);
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.100,1.540) {8};
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,1.540) {2};
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,1.540) {4};
  \node[black, anchor=base west, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (2.200,1.540) {21};
  \node[blue, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (2.200,1.210) {3};
  \node[blue, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (2.420,1.210) {9};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,1.320) {3};
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  \node[green!55!black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,0.605) {5};
\end{tikzpicture}\end{center}


\begin{itemize}
\item[] 824 = 21 \(\times\) 39 + 5 et 5 \(<\) 21
 \item[] 824 = 819 + 5
 \item[] {\color{red}
donc 819 \(<\) 824 \(<\) 840 (819 + 21)}
\end{itemize}

De même:

On effectue la division euclidienne de 433 par 21 :

 
\begin{center}\begin{tikzpicture}[line width=0.6pt]
  \draw[gray] (1.540,1.430) -- (1.540,1.320);
  \draw[black] (1.980,1.705) -- (1.980,0.220);
  \draw[black] (1.980,1.430) -- (2.860,1.430);
  \draw[black] (1.045,1.265) -- (1.375,1.265);
  \draw[black] (1.265,0.825) -- (1.595,0.825);
  \draw[blue] (0.990,1.705) .. controls (1.137,1.778) and (1.283,1.778) .. (1.430,1.705);
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  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,1.540) {3};
  \node[black, anchor=base west, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (2.200,1.540) {21};
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  \node[green!55!black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,0.605) {1};
\end{tikzpicture}\end{center}


\begin{itemize}
\item[] 433 = 21 \(\times\) 20 + 13 et 13 \(<\) 21
 \item[] 433 = 420 + 13
 \item[] {\color{red}
donc 420 \(<\) 433 \(<\) 441 (420 + 21)}
\end{itemize}

\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 2}}\par

{\color{green!60!black}
           Quel est le plus grand multiple de 5 inférieur à 102 ?
           }

On effectue la division euclidienne de 102 par 5 :

 
\begin{center}\begin{tikzpicture}[line width=0.6pt]
  \draw[gray] (1.540,1.430) -- (1.540,1.320);
  \draw[black] (1.980,1.705) -- (1.980,0.220);
  \draw[black] (1.980,1.430) -- (2.860,1.430);
  \draw[black] (1.045,1.265) -- (1.375,1.265);
  \draw[black] (1.265,0.825) -- (1.595,0.825);
  \draw[blue] (0.990,1.705) .. controls (1.137,1.778) and (1.283,1.778) .. (1.430,1.705);
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  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,1.540) {2};
  \node[black, anchor=base west, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (2.200,1.540) {5};
  \node[blue, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (2.200,1.210) {2};
  \node[blue, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (2.420,1.210) {0};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,1.320) {0};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.100,1.320) {1};
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  \node[green!55!black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,1.100) {0};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,0.880) {0};
  \node[green!55!black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,0.605) {2};
\end{tikzpicture}\end{center}


\begin{itemize}
\item[] 102 = 5 \(\times\) 20 + 2 et 2 \(<\) 5
\item[] {\color{red} Le plus grand multiple de 5 inférieur à 102 est donc 5 \(\times\) 20 = 100.}
\end{itemize}

\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 3}}\par

{\color{green!60!black}
            Quel est le plus petit multiple de 21 supérieur à 242 ?
           }

On effectue la division euclidienne de 242 par 21 :

 
\begin{center}\begin{tikzpicture}[line width=0.6pt]
  \draw[gray] (1.540,1.430) -- (1.540,1.320);
  \draw[black] (1.980,1.705) -- (1.980,0.220);
  \draw[black] (1.980,1.430) -- (2.860,1.430);
  \draw[black] (1.045,1.265) -- (1.375,1.265);
  \draw[black] (1.265,0.825) -- (1.595,0.825);
  \draw[blue] (0.990,1.705) .. controls (1.137,1.778) and (1.283,1.778) .. (1.430,1.705);
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.100,1.540) {2};
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,1.540) {4};
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,1.540) {2};
  \node[black, anchor=base west, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (2.200,1.540) {21};
  \node[blue, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (2.200,1.210) {1};
  \node[blue, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (2.420,1.210) {1};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,1.320) {1};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.100,1.320) {2};
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,1.100) {2};
  \node[green!55!black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,1.100) {3};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,0.880) {1};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,0.880) {2};
  \node[green!55!black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,0.605) {1};
  \node[green!55!black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,0.605) {1};
\end{tikzpicture}\end{center}


\begin{itemize}
\item[] 242 = 21 \(\times\) 11 + 11 et 11 \(<\) 21
\item[] {\color{red} Le plus petit multiple de 21 inférieur à 242 est donc 21 \(\times\) 12 = 252.}
\end{itemize}

\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 4}}\par

{\color{green!60!black}
    Décomposition de  14904 en produit de facteurs premiers :

    
{\color{black}\begin{center}
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.1}
\begin{tabular}{r|l}
14904 & 2\\
7452 & 2\\
3726 & 2\\
1863 & 3\\
621 & 3\\
207 & 3\\
69 & 3\\
23 & 23\\
1 & \\
\end{tabular}\qquad 14904 = 2\textsuperscript{3} $\times$ 3\textsuperscript{4} $\times$ 23
\end{center}}

    Décomposition de  8575 en produit de facteurs premiers :

    
{\color{black}\begin{center}
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.1}
\begin{tabular}{r|l}
8575 & 5\\
1715 & 5\\
343 & 7\\
49 & 7\\
7 & 7\\
1 & \\
\end{tabular}\qquad 8575 = 5\textsuperscript{2} $\times$ 7\textsuperscript{3}
\end{center}}

\begin{enumerate}
\item {\color{red} Décompositions :
\par\addvspace{.55em}
{\color{green!60!black} 14904 = 2\textsuperscript{3} \(\times\) 3\textsuperscript{4} \(\times\) 23}
\par\addvspace{.55em}
{\color{green!60!black} 8575 = 5\textsuperscript{2} \(\times\) 7\textsuperscript{3}}}
\item {\color{red} Calcul du plus petit multiple commun :
\par\addvspace{.55em}
{\color{green!60!black} PPCM(14904;8575) = 2\textsuperscript{3} \(\times\) 3\textsuperscript{4} \(\times\) 5\textsuperscript{2} \(\times\) 7\textsuperscript{3} \(\times\) 23 = 127801800}}
\item {\color{red} Calcul du plus grand
         diviseur commun :
\par\addvspace{.55em}
{\color{green!60!black} PGCD(14904,8575) =  1}}
 \item {\color{red} Simplification de la fraction :
\par\addvspace{.55em}
 {\color{green!60!black} Leurs PGCD étant égal à 1, les nombres
14904 et 8575 sont premiers entre eux.
\par\addvspace{.55em}

         Donc la fraction \(\dfrac{14904}{8575}\) est irréductible.}}
\end{enumerate}
}

\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 5}}\par

{\color{green!60!black}
\begin{enumerate}
\item {\color{red} Les diviseurs :

{\color{green!60!black} 686 : \{ 1; 2; 7; 14; 49; 98; 343; 686 \}
\par\addvspace{.55em}

450 : \{ 1; 2; 3; 5; 6; 9; 10; 15; 18; 25; 30; 45; 50; 75; 90; 150; 225; 450 \}}

}
 \item {\color{red} Les diviseurs communs de 686 et 450 sont :

{\color{green!60!black}
\{ 1; 2 \}}

 }
\item {\color{red} Le plus grand diviseur commun de 686 et 450 est :

{\color{green!60!black}
PGCD(686;450) = 2}

}
 \item {\color{red} Simplification de la fraction :

{\color{green!60!black} Si on simplifie une fraction par
                 le plus grand diviseur commun à son numérateur
                 et son dénominateur, la fraction obtenue est irréductible.}

 {\color{green!60!black} d'où \(\dfrac{686}{450}\) = \(\dfrac{686:2}{450:2}\) = \(\dfrac{343}{225}\) } }
\end{enumerate}
}

\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 6}}\par

\begin{enumerate}
\item {\color{red}
        1065 est-il premier ?

{\color{green!60!black}

        1065 se termine par un 5, c'est un multiple de 5 donc \emph{1065 n'est pas un nombre premier}.}

}

\item {\color{red}
        14262 est-il premier ?

{\color{green!60!black}

        14262 est pair donc \emph{14262 n'est pas un nombre premier}.}

}

\item {\color{red}
        643 est-il premier ?

{\color{green!60!black}  643 = 2 \(\times\) 321 + 1 643 = 3 \(\times\) 214 + 1 643 = 5 \(\times\) 128 + 3 643 = 7 \(\times\) 91 + 6 643 = 11 \(\times\) 58 + 5 643 = 13 \(\times\) 49 + 6 643 = 17 \(\times\) 37 + 14 643 = 19 \(\times\) 33 + 16 643 = 23 \(\times\) 27 + 22 643 = 29 \(\times\) 22 + 5
\par\addvspace{.55em}

            643 n'a pas d'autres diviseurs que 1 et 643  donc \emph{ 643 est un nombre premier.} }

}
\item {\color{red}
        3247 est-il premier ?

{\color{green!60!black}  3247 = 2 \(\times\) 1623 + 1 3247 = 3 \(\times\) 1082 + 1 3247 = 5 \(\times\) 649 + 2 3247 = 7 \(\times\) 463 + 6 3247 = 11 \(\times\) 295 + 2 3247 = 13 \(\times\) 249 + 10 3247 = 17 \(\times\) 191 + 0
\par\addvspace{.55em}

            3247 est divisible par 17 donc\emph{  3247 n'est pas un nombre premier}.
            }

}
\end{enumerate}
\end{document}
