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\begin{document}

\begin{center}
    \small Les 6 exercices d'arithmétique ci-dessous peuvent être réalisés facilement avec une calculatrice. Mais maîtrisez-vous les automatismes nécessaires pour vous en passer ? Division euclidienne, multiples, décomposition en facteurs premiers, PPCM, PGCD, fractions irréductibles et nombres premiers : un tour d'horizon complet du programme de cycle 4, utile pour réviser le DNB.
\end{center}
\vspace{0.5em}
\sloppy


{\color{blue}

« Les 6 exercices suivants peuvent être réalisés facilement avec une calculatrice. Mais maîtrisez-vous les automatismes nécessaires pour vous en passer ? »

}

\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 1}}\par

{\color{green!60!black}
    Encadre 118 et 830 par deux multiples consécutifs de 19.
    }

\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 2}}\par

{\color{green!60!black}
        Quel est le plus grand multiple de 18 inférieur à 300 ?
        }

\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 3}}\par

{\color{green!60!black}
        Quel est le plus petit multiple de 26 supérieur à 382 ?
        }

\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 4}}\par

{\color{green!60!black}
\begin{enumerate}
\item Décompose 7125 et 1472 en produit de facteurs premiers.
 \item Déduis leur PPCM (Plus petit multiple commun)
 \item Déduis en leur PGCD (Plus grand diviseur commun)
 \item Simplifie au maximum la fraction :
\par\addvspace{.55em}
\(\dfrac{7125}{1472}\)
\end{enumerate}
}

\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 5}}\par

{\color{green!60!black}
\begin{enumerate}
\item Donne les listes ordonnées des diviseurs de  987 et 680.
 \item Donne la liste ordonnée de leurs diviseurs communs.
 \item Déduis-en le PGCD de 987 et 680.
 \item Simplifie au maximum la fraction :
\par\addvspace{.55em}
\(\dfrac{987}{680}\)
\end{enumerate}
}

"
\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 6}}\par

{\color{green!60!black} Les nombres suivants sont-ils premiers ? 497;  19396;  1355; 461 }

 \newpage
\section*{\textcolor{red}{Correction}}

\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 1}}\par

{\color{green!60!black}
        Encadre 118 et 830 par deux multiples consécutifs de 19.
        }

On effectue la division euclidienne de 118 par 19 :

 
\begin{center}\begin{tikzpicture}[line width=0.6pt]
  \draw[black] (1.980,1.265) -- (1.980,0.220);
  \draw[black] (1.980,0.990) -- (2.860,0.990);
  \draw[black] (1.045,0.825) -- (1.595,0.825);
  \draw[blue] (0.990,1.265) .. controls (1.210,1.338) and (1.430,1.338) .. (1.650,1.265);
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.100,1.100) {1};
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,1.100) {1};
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,1.100) {8};
  \node[black, anchor=base west, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (2.200,1.100) {19};
  \node[blue, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (2.200,0.770) {6};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,0.880) {4};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,0.880) {1};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.100,0.880) {1};
  \node[green!55!black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,0.605) {4};
\end{tikzpicture}\end{center}


\begin{itemize}
\item[] 118 = 19 \(\times\) 6 + 4 et 4 \(<\) 19
 \item[] 118 = 114 + 4
 \item[] {\color{red}
donc 114 \(<\) 118 \(<\) 133 (114 + 19)}
\end{itemize}

De même:

On effectue la division euclidienne de 830 par 19 :

 
\begin{center}\begin{tikzpicture}[line width=0.6pt]
  \draw[gray] (1.540,1.430) -- (1.540,1.320);
  \draw[black] (1.980,1.705) -- (1.980,0.220);
  \draw[black] (1.980,1.430) -- (2.860,1.430);
  \draw[black] (1.045,1.265) -- (1.375,1.265);
  \draw[black] (1.265,0.825) -- (1.595,0.825);
  \draw[blue] (0.990,1.705) .. controls (1.137,1.778) and (1.283,1.778) .. (1.430,1.705);
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.100,1.540) {8};
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,1.540) {3};
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,1.540) {0};
  \node[black, anchor=base west, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (2.200,1.540) {19};
  \node[blue, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (2.200,1.210) {4};
  \node[blue, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (2.420,1.210) {3};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,1.320) {6};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.100,1.320) {7};
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,1.100) {0};
  \node[green!55!black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,1.100) {7};
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  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,0.880) {5};
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  \node[green!55!black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,0.605) {1};
\end{tikzpicture}\end{center}


\begin{itemize}
\item[] 830 = 19 \(\times\) 43 + 13 et 13 \(<\) 19
 \item[] 830 = 817 + 13
 \item[] {\color{red}
donc 817 \(<\) 830 \(<\) 836 (817 + 19)}
\end{itemize}

\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 2}}\par

{\color{green!60!black}
           Quel est le plus grand multiple de 18 inférieur à 300 ?
           }

On effectue la division euclidienne de 300 par 18 :

 
\begin{center}\begin{tikzpicture}[line width=0.6pt]
  \draw[gray] (1.540,1.430) -- (1.540,1.320);
  \draw[black] (1.980,1.705) -- (1.980,0.220);
  \draw[black] (1.980,1.430) -- (2.860,1.430);
  \draw[black] (1.045,1.265) -- (1.375,1.265);
  \draw[black] (1.045,0.825) -- (1.595,0.825);
  \draw[blue] (0.990,1.705) .. controls (1.137,1.778) and (1.283,1.778) .. (1.430,1.705);
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.100,1.540) {3};
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,1.540) {0};
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,1.540) {0};
  \node[black, anchor=base west, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (2.200,1.540) {18};
  \node[blue, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (2.200,1.210) {1};
  \node[blue, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (2.420,1.210) {6};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,1.320) {8};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.100,1.320) {1};
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,1.100) {0};
  \node[green!55!black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,1.100) {2};
  \node[green!55!black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.100,1.100) {1};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,0.880) {8};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,0.880) {0};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.100,0.880) {1};
  \node[green!55!black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,0.605) {2};
  \node[green!55!black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,0.605) {1};
\end{tikzpicture}\end{center}


\begin{itemize}
\item[] 300 = 18 \(\times\) 16 + 12 et 12 \(<\) 18
\item[] {\color{red} Le plus grand multiple de 18 inférieur à 300 est donc 18 \(\times\) 16 = 288.}
\end{itemize}

\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 3}}\par

{\color{green!60!black}
            Quel est le plus petit multiple de 26 supérieur à 382 ?
           }

On effectue la division euclidienne de 382 par 26 :

 
\begin{center}\begin{tikzpicture}[line width=0.6pt]
  \draw[gray] (1.540,1.430) -- (1.540,1.320);
  \draw[black] (1.980,1.705) -- (1.980,0.220);
  \draw[black] (1.980,1.430) -- (2.860,1.430);
  \draw[black] (1.045,1.265) -- (1.375,1.265);
  \draw[black] (1.045,0.825) -- (1.595,0.825);
  \draw[blue] (0.990,1.705) .. controls (1.137,1.778) and (1.283,1.778) .. (1.430,1.705);
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.100,1.540) {3};
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,1.540) {8};
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,1.540) {2};
  \node[black, anchor=base west, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (2.200,1.540) {26};
  \node[blue, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (2.200,1.210) {1};
  \node[blue, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (2.420,1.210) {4};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,1.320) {6};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.100,1.320) {2};
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,1.100) {2};
  \node[green!55!black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,1.100) {2};
  \node[green!55!black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.100,1.100) {1};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,0.880) {4};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,0.880) {0};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.100,0.880) {1};
  \node[green!55!black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,0.605) {8};
  \node[green!55!black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,0.605) {1};
\end{tikzpicture}\end{center}


\begin{itemize}
\item[] 382 = 26 \(\times\) 14 + 18 et 18 \(<\) 26
\item[] {\color{red} Le plus petit multiple de 26 inférieur à 382 est donc 26 \(\times\) 15 = 390.}
\end{itemize}

\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 4}}\par

{\color{green!60!black}
    Décomposition de  7125 en produit de facteurs premiers :

    
{\color{black}\begin{center}
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.1}
\begin{tabular}{r|l}
7125 & 3\\
2375 & 5\\
475 & 5\\
95 & 5\\
19 & 19\\
1 & \\
\end{tabular}\qquad 7125 = 3 $\times$ 5\textsuperscript{3} $\times$ 19
\end{center}}

    Décomposition de  1472 en produit de facteurs premiers :

    
{\color{black}\begin{center}
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.1}
\begin{tabular}{r|l}
1472 & 2\\
736 & 2\\
368 & 2\\
184 & 2\\
92 & 2\\
46 & 2\\
23 & 23\\
1 & \\
\end{tabular}\qquad 1472 = 2\textsuperscript{6} $\times$ 23
\end{center}}

\begin{enumerate}
\item {\color{red} Décompositions :
\par\addvspace{.55em}
{\color{green!60!black} 7125 = 3 \(\times\) 5\textsuperscript{3} \(\times\) 19}
\par\addvspace{.55em}
{\color{green!60!black} 1472 = 2\textsuperscript{6} \(\times\) 23}}
\item {\color{red} Calcul du plus petit multiple commun :
\par\addvspace{.55em}
{\color{green!60!black} PPCM(7125;1472) = 2\textsuperscript{6} \(\times\) 3 \(\times\) 5\textsuperscript{3} \(\times\) 19 \(\times\) 23 = 10488000}}
\item {\color{red} Calcul du plus grand
         diviseur commun :
\par\addvspace{.55em}
{\color{green!60!black} PGCD(7125,1472) =  1}}
 \item {\color{red} Simplification de la fraction :
\par\addvspace{.55em}
 {\color{green!60!black} Leurs PGCD étant égal à 1, les nombres
7125 et 1472 sont premiers entre eux.
\par\addvspace{.55em}

         Donc la fraction \(\dfrac{7125}{1472}\) est irréductible.}}
\end{enumerate}
}

\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 5}}\par

{\color{green!60!black}
\begin{enumerate}
\item {\color{red} Les diviseurs :

{\color{green!60!black} 987 : \{ 1; 3; 7; 21; 47; 141; 329; 987 \}
\par\addvspace{.55em}

680 : \{ 1; 2; 4; 5; 8; 10; 17; 20; 34; 40; 68; 85; 136; 170; 340; 680 \}}

}
 \item {\color{red} Les diviseurs communs de 987 et 680 sont :

{\color{green!60!black}
\{ 1 \}}

 }
\item {\color{red} Le plus grand diviseur commun de 987 et 680 est :

{\color{green!60!black}
PGCD(987;680) = 1}

}
 \item {\color{red} Simplification de la fraction :

{\color{green!60!black} Leurs PGCD étant égal à 1, les nombres
987 et 680 sont premiers entre eux.}

 {\color{green!60!black} Donc la fraction \(\dfrac{987}{680}\) est irréductible.}}
\end{enumerate}
}

\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 6}}\par

\begin{enumerate}
\item {\color{red}
        497 est-il premier ?

{\color{green!60!black}  497 = 2 \(\times\) 248 + 1 497 = 3 \(\times\) 165 + 2 497 = 5 \(\times\) 99 + 2 497 = 7 \(\times\) 71 + 0
\par\addvspace{.55em}

            497 est divisible par 7 donc\emph{  497 n'est pas un nombre premier}.
            }

}
\item {\color{red}
        19396 est-il premier ?

{\color{green!60!black}

        19396 est pair donc \emph{19396 n'est pas un nombre premier}.}

}

\item {\color{red}
        1355 est-il premier ?

{\color{green!60!black}

        1355 se termine par un 5, c'est un multiple de 5 donc \emph{1355 n'est pas un nombre premier}.}

}

\item {\color{red}
        461 est-il premier ?

{\color{green!60!black}  461 = 2 \(\times\) 230 + 1 461 = 3 \(\times\) 153 + 2 461 = 5 \(\times\) 92 + 1 461 = 7 \(\times\) 65 + 6 461 = 11 \(\times\) 41 + 10 461 = 13 \(\times\) 35 + 6 461 = 17 \(\times\) 27 + 2 461 = 19 \(\times\) 24 + 5 461 = 23 \(\times\) 20 + 1
\par\addvspace{.55em}

            461 n'a pas d'autres diviseurs que 1 et 461  donc \emph{ 461 est un nombre premier.} }

}
\end{enumerate}
\end{document}
