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\begin{document}

\begin{center}
    \small Les 6 exercices d'arithmétique ci-dessous peuvent être réalisés facilement avec une calculatrice. Mais maîtrisez-vous les automatismes nécessaires pour vous en passer ? Division euclidienne, multiples, décomposition en facteurs premiers, PPCM, PGCD, fractions irréductibles et nombres premiers : un tour d'horizon complet du programme de cycle 4, utile pour réviser le DNB.
\end{center}
\vspace{0.5em}
\sloppy


{\color{blue}

« Les 6 exercices suivants peuvent être réalisés facilement avec une calculatrice. Mais maîtrisez-vous les automatismes nécessaires pour vous en passer ? »

}

\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 1}}\par

{\color{green!60!black}
    Encadre 899 et 835 par deux multiples consécutifs de 24.
    }

\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 2}}\par

{\color{green!60!black}
        Quel est le plus grand multiple de 18 inférieur à 380 ?
        }

\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 3}}\par

{\color{green!60!black}
        Quel est le plus petit multiple de 19 supérieur à 362 ?
        }

\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 4}}\par

{\color{green!60!black}
\begin{enumerate}
\item Décompose 4608 et 7296 en produit de facteurs premiers.
 \item Déduis leur PPCM (Plus petit multiple commun)
 \item Déduis en leur PGCD (Plus grand diviseur commun)
 \item Simplifie au maximum la fraction :
\par\addvspace{.55em}
\(\dfrac{4608}{7296}\)
\end{enumerate}
}

\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 5}}\par

{\color{green!60!black}
\begin{enumerate}
\item Donne les listes ordonnées des diviseurs de  15795 et 1408.
 \item Donne la liste ordonnée de leurs diviseurs communs.
 \item Déduis-en le PGCD de 15795 et 1408.
 \item Simplifie au maximum la fraction :
\par\addvspace{.55em}
\(\dfrac{15795}{1408}\)
\end{enumerate}
}

"
\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 6}}\par

{\color{green!60!black} Les nombres suivants sont-ils premiers ? 1147;  599;  5073; 13886 }

 \newpage
\section*{\textcolor{red}{Correction}}

\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 1}}\par

{\color{green!60!black}
        Encadre 899 et 835 par deux multiples consécutifs de 24.
        }

On effectue la division euclidienne de 899 par 24 :

 
\begin{center}\begin{tikzpicture}[line width=0.6pt]
  \draw[gray] (1.540,1.430) -- (1.540,1.320);
  \draw[black] (1.980,1.705) -- (1.980,0.220);
  \draw[black] (1.980,1.430) -- (2.860,1.430);
  \draw[black] (1.045,1.265) -- (1.375,1.265);
  \draw[black] (1.045,0.825) -- (1.595,0.825);
  \draw[blue] (0.990,1.705) .. controls (1.137,1.778) and (1.283,1.778) .. (1.430,1.705);
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.100,1.540) {8};
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,1.540) {9};
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,1.540) {9};
  \node[black, anchor=base west, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (2.200,1.540) {24};
  \node[blue, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (2.200,1.210) {3};
  \node[blue, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (2.420,1.210) {7};
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  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.100,1.320) {7};
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  \node[green!55!black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.100,1.100) {1};
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  \node[green!55!black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,0.605) {1};
\end{tikzpicture}\end{center}


\begin{itemize}
\item[] 899 = 24 \(\times\) 37 + 11 et 11 \(<\) 24
 \item[] 899 = 888 + 11
 \item[] {\color{red}
donc 888 \(<\) 899 \(<\) 912 (888 + 24)}
\end{itemize}

De même:

On effectue la division euclidienne de 835 par 24 :

 
\begin{center}\begin{tikzpicture}[line width=0.6pt]
  \draw[gray] (1.540,1.430) -- (1.540,1.320);
  \draw[black] (1.980,1.705) -- (1.980,0.220);
  \draw[black] (1.980,1.430) -- (2.860,1.430);
  \draw[black] (1.045,1.265) -- (1.375,1.265);
  \draw[black] (1.045,0.825) -- (1.595,0.825);
  \draw[blue] (0.990,1.705) .. controls (1.137,1.778) and (1.283,1.778) .. (1.430,1.705);
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.100,1.540) {8};
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,1.540) {3};
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,1.540) {5};
  \node[black, anchor=base west, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (2.200,1.540) {24};
  \node[blue, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (2.200,1.210) {3};
  \node[blue, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (2.420,1.210) {4};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,1.320) {2};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.100,1.320) {7};
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,1.100) {5};
  \node[green!55!black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,1.100) {1};
  \node[green!55!black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.100,1.100) {1};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,0.880) {6};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,0.880) {9};
  \node[green!55!black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,0.605) {9};
  \node[green!55!black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,0.605) {1};
\end{tikzpicture}\end{center}


\begin{itemize}
\item[] 835 = 24 \(\times\) 34 + 19 et 19 \(<\) 24
 \item[] 835 = 816 + 19
 \item[] {\color{red}
donc 816 \(<\) 835 \(<\) 840 (816 + 24)}
\end{itemize}

\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 2}}\par

{\color{green!60!black}
           Quel est le plus grand multiple de 18 inférieur à 380 ?
           }

On effectue la division euclidienne de 380 par 18 :

 
\begin{center}\begin{tikzpicture}[line width=0.6pt]
  \draw[gray] (1.540,1.430) -- (1.540,1.320);
  \draw[black] (1.980,1.705) -- (1.980,0.220);
  \draw[black] (1.980,1.430) -- (2.860,1.430);
  \draw[black] (1.045,1.265) -- (1.375,1.265);
  \draw[black] (1.265,0.825) -- (1.595,0.825);
  \draw[blue] (0.990,1.705) .. controls (1.137,1.778) and (1.283,1.778) .. (1.430,1.705);
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.100,1.540) {3};
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,1.540) {8};
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,1.540) {0};
  \node[black, anchor=base west, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (2.200,1.540) {18};
  \node[blue, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (2.200,1.210) {2};
  \node[blue, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (2.420,1.210) {1};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,1.320) {6};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.100,1.320) {3};
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,1.100) {0};
  \node[green!55!black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,1.100) {2};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,0.880) {8};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,0.880) {1};
  \node[green!55!black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,0.605) {2};
\end{tikzpicture}\end{center}


\begin{itemize}
\item[] 380 = 18 \(\times\) 21 + 2 et 2 \(<\) 18
\item[] {\color{red} Le plus grand multiple de 18 inférieur à 380 est donc 18 \(\times\) 21 = 378.}
\end{itemize}

\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 3}}\par

{\color{green!60!black}
            Quel est le plus petit multiple de 19 supérieur à 362 ?
           }

On effectue la division euclidienne de 362 par 19 :

 
\begin{center}\begin{tikzpicture}[line width=0.6pt]
  \draw[gray] (1.540,1.430) -- (1.540,1.320);
  \draw[black] (1.980,1.705) -- (1.980,0.220);
  \draw[black] (1.980,1.430) -- (2.860,1.430);
  \draw[black] (1.045,1.265) -- (1.375,1.265);
  \draw[black] (1.045,0.825) -- (1.595,0.825);
  \draw[blue] (0.990,1.705) .. controls (1.137,1.778) and (1.283,1.778) .. (1.430,1.705);
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.100,1.540) {3};
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,1.540) {6};
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,1.540) {2};
  \node[black, anchor=base west, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (2.200,1.540) {19};
  \node[blue, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (2.200,1.210) {1};
  \node[blue, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (2.420,1.210) {9};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,1.320) {9};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.100,1.320) {1};
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,1.100) {2};
  \node[green!55!black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,1.100) {7};
  \node[green!55!black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.100,1.100) {1};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,0.880) {1};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,0.880) {7};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.100,0.880) {1};
  \node[green!55!black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,0.605) {1};
\end{tikzpicture}\end{center}


\begin{itemize}
\item[] 362 = 19 \(\times\) 19 + 1 et 1 \(<\) 19
\item[] {\color{red} Le plus petit multiple de 19 inférieur à 362 est donc 19 \(\times\) 20 = 380.}
\end{itemize}

\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 4}}\par

{\color{green!60!black}
    Décomposition de  4608 en produit de facteurs premiers :

    
{\color{black}\begin{center}
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.1}
\begin{tabular}{r|l}
4608 & 2\\
2304 & 2\\
1152 & 2\\
576 & 2\\
288 & 2\\
144 & 2\\
72 & 2\\
36 & 2\\
18 & 2\\
9 & 3\\
3 & 3\\
1 & \\
\end{tabular}\qquad 4608 = 2\textsuperscript{9} $\times$ 3\textsuperscript{2}
\end{center}}

    Décomposition de  7296 en produit de facteurs premiers :

    
{\color{black}\begin{center}
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.1}
\begin{tabular}{r|l}
7296 & 2\\
3648 & 2\\
1824 & 2\\
912 & 2\\
456 & 2\\
228 & 2\\
114 & 2\\
57 & 3\\
19 & 19\\
1 & \\
\end{tabular}\qquad 7296 = 2\textsuperscript{7} $\times$ 3 $\times$ 19
\end{center}}

\begin{enumerate}
\item {\color{red} Décompositions :
\par\addvspace{.55em}
{\color{green!60!black} 4608 = 2\textsuperscript{9} \(\times\) 3\textsuperscript{2}}
\par\addvspace{.55em}
{\color{green!60!black} 7296 = 2\textsuperscript{7} \(\times\) 3 \(\times\) 19}}
\item {\color{red} Calcul du plus petit multiple commun :
\par\addvspace{.55em}
{\color{green!60!black} PPCM(4608;7296) = 2\textsuperscript{9} \(\times\) 3\textsuperscript{2} \(\times\) 19 = 87552}}
\item {\color{red} Calcul du plus grand
         diviseur commun :
\par\addvspace{.55em}
{\color{green!60!black} PGCD(4608;7296) = 2\textsuperscript{7} \(\times\) 3 = 384}}
\item {\color{red} Simplification de la fraction :
\par\addvspace{.55em}

{\color{green!60!black} Si on simplifie une fraction par
         le plus grand diviseur commun à son numérateur
         et son dénominateur, la fraction obtenue est irréductible.}

 {\color{green!60!black} d'où \(\dfrac{4608}{7296}\) = \(\dfrac{4608:384}{7296:384}\) = \(\dfrac{12}{19}\) } }
\end{enumerate}
}

\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 5}}\par

{\color{green!60!black}
\begin{enumerate}
\item {\color{red} Les diviseurs :

{\color{green!60!black} 15795 : \{ 1; 3; 5; 9; 13; 15; 27; 39; 45; 65; 81; 117; 135; 195; 243; 351; 405; 585; 1053; 1215; 1755; 3159; 5265; 15795 \}
\par\addvspace{.55em}

1408 : \{ 1; 2; 4; 8; 11; 16; 22; 32; 44; 64; 88; 128; 176; 352; 704; 1408 \}}

}
 \item {\color{red} Les diviseurs communs de 15795 et 1408 sont :

{\color{green!60!black}
\{ 1 \}}

 }
\item {\color{red} Le plus grand diviseur commun de 15795 et 1408 est :

{\color{green!60!black}
PGCD(15795;1408) = 1}

}
 \item {\color{red} Simplification de la fraction :

{\color{green!60!black} Leurs PGCD étant égal à 1, les nombres
15795 et 1408 sont premiers entre eux.}

 {\color{green!60!black} Donc la fraction \(\dfrac{15795}{1408}\) est irréductible.}}
\end{enumerate}
}

\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 6}}\par

\begin{enumerate}
\item {\color{red}
        1147 est-il premier ?

{\color{green!60!black}  1147 = 2 \(\times\) 573 + 1 1147 = 3 \(\times\) 382 + 1 1147 = 5 \(\times\) 229 + 2 1147 = 7 \(\times\) 163 + 6 1147 = 11 \(\times\) 104 + 3 1147 = 13 \(\times\) 88 + 3 1147 = 17 \(\times\) 67 + 8 1147 = 19 \(\times\) 60 + 7 1147 = 23 \(\times\) 49 + 20 1147 = 29 \(\times\) 39 + 16 1147 = 31 \(\times\) 37 + 0
\par\addvspace{.55em}

            1147 est divisible par 31 donc\emph{  1147 n'est pas un nombre premier}.
            }

}
\item {\color{red}
        599 est-il premier ?

{\color{green!60!black}  599 = 2 \(\times\) 299 + 1 599 = 3 \(\times\) 199 + 2 599 = 5 \(\times\) 119 + 4 599 = 7 \(\times\) 85 + 4 599 = 11 \(\times\) 54 + 5 599 = 13 \(\times\) 46 + 1 599 = 17 \(\times\) 35 + 4 599 = 19 \(\times\) 31 + 10 599 = 23 \(\times\) 26 + 1 599 = 29 \(\times\) 20 + 19
\par\addvspace{.55em}

            599 n'a pas d'autres diviseurs que 1 et 599  donc \emph{ 599 est un nombre premier.} }

}
\item {\color{red}
        5073 est-il premier ?

{\color{green!60!black}

          5+0+7+3 = 15
\par\addvspace{.55em}
 1+5 = 6

{\color{green!60!black} Critère de divisibilité par 3 :
\par\addvspace{.55em}

                     Un nombre entier est divisible par 3 si (et seulement si) la somme de ses chiffres est elle-même divisible par 3.
                     .}

                     donc 5073 est divisible par 3.\emph{ donc 5073 n'est pas un nombre premier}.}

}
\item {\color{red}
        13886 est-il premier ?

{\color{green!60!black}

        13886 est pair donc \emph{13886 n'est pas un nombre premier}.}

}

\end{enumerate}
\end{document}
