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\begin{document}

\begin{center}
    \small Les 6 exercices d'arithmétique ci-dessous peuvent être réalisés facilement avec une calculatrice. Mais maîtrisez-vous les automatismes nécessaires pour vous en passer ? Division euclidienne, multiples, décomposition en facteurs premiers, PPCM, PGCD, fractions irréductibles et nombres premiers : un tour d'horizon complet du programme de cycle 4, utile pour réviser le DNB.
\end{center}
\vspace{0.5em}
\sloppy


{\color{blue}

« Les 6 exercices suivants peuvent être réalisés facilement avec une calculatrice. Mais maîtrisez-vous les automatismes nécessaires pour vous en passer ? »

}

\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 1}}\par

{\color{green!60!black}
    Encadre 369 et 777 par deux multiples consécutifs de 12.
    }

\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 2}}\par

{\color{green!60!black}
        Quel est le plus grand multiple de 9 inférieur à 205 ?
        }

\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 3}}\par

{\color{green!60!black}
        Quel est le plus petit multiple de 21 supérieur à 396 ?
        }

\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 4}}\par

{\color{green!60!black}
\begin{enumerate}
\item Décompose 1470 et 300 en produit de facteurs premiers.
 \item Déduis leur PPCM (Plus petit multiple commun)
 \item Déduis en leur PGCD (Plus grand diviseur commun)
 \item Simplifie au maximum la fraction :
\par\addvspace{.55em}
\(\dfrac{1470}{300}\)
\end{enumerate}
}

\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 5}}\par

{\color{green!60!black}
\begin{enumerate}
\item Donne les listes ordonnées des diviseurs de  10875 et 2816.
 \item Donne la liste ordonnée de leurs diviseurs communs.
 \item Déduis-en le PGCD de 10875 et 2816.
 \item Simplifie au maximum la fraction :
\par\addvspace{.55em}
\(\dfrac{10875}{2816}\)
\end{enumerate}
}

"
\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 6}}\par

{\color{green!60!black} Les nombres suivants sont-ils premiers ? 1995;  359;  8159; 6652 }

 \newpage
\section*{\textcolor{red}{Correction}}

\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 1}}\par

{\color{green!60!black}
        Encadre 369 et 777 par deux multiples consécutifs de 12.
        }

On effectue la division euclidienne de 369 par 12 :

 
\begin{center}\begin{tikzpicture}[line width=0.6pt]
  \draw[gray] (1.540,1.430) -- (1.540,1.320);
  \draw[black] (1.980,1.705) -- (1.980,0.220);
  \draw[black] (1.980,1.430) -- (2.860,1.430);
  \draw[black] (1.045,1.265) -- (1.375,1.265);
  \draw[black] (1.265,0.825) -- (1.595,0.825);
  \draw[blue] (0.990,1.705) .. controls (1.137,1.778) and (1.283,1.778) .. (1.430,1.705);
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.100,1.540) {3};
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,1.540) {6};
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,1.540) {9};
  \node[black, anchor=base west, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (2.200,1.540) {12};
  \node[blue, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (2.200,1.210) {3};
  \node[blue, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (2.420,1.210) {0};
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  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.100,1.320) {3};
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  \node[green!55!black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,1.100) {0};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,0.880) {0};
  \node[green!55!black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,0.605) {9};
\end{tikzpicture}\end{center}


\begin{itemize}
\item[] 369 = 12 \(\times\) 30 + 9 et 9 \(<\) 12
 \item[] 369 = 360 + 9
 \item[] {\color{red}
donc 360 \(<\) 369 \(<\) 372 (360 + 12)}
\end{itemize}

De même:

On effectue la division euclidienne de 777 par 12 :

 
\begin{center}\begin{tikzpicture}[line width=0.6pt]
  \draw[gray] (1.540,1.430) -- (1.540,1.320);
  \draw[black] (1.980,1.705) -- (1.980,0.220);
  \draw[black] (1.980,1.430) -- (2.860,1.430);
  \draw[black] (1.045,1.265) -- (1.375,1.265);
  \draw[black] (1.265,0.825) -- (1.595,0.825);
  \draw[blue] (0.990,1.705) .. controls (1.137,1.778) and (1.283,1.778) .. (1.430,1.705);
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.100,1.540) {7};
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,1.540) {7};
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,1.540) {7};
  \node[black, anchor=base west, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (2.200,1.540) {12};
  \node[blue, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (2.200,1.210) {6};
  \node[blue, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (2.420,1.210) {4};
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  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,0.880) {4};
  \node[green!55!black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,0.605) {9};
\end{tikzpicture}\end{center}


\begin{itemize}
\item[] 777 = 12 \(\times\) 64 + 9 et 9 \(<\) 12
 \item[] 777 = 768 + 9
 \item[] {\color{red}
donc 768 \(<\) 777 \(<\) 780 (768 + 12)}
\end{itemize}

\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 2}}\par

{\color{green!60!black}
           Quel est le plus grand multiple de 9 inférieur à 205 ?
           }

On effectue la division euclidienne de 205 par 9 :

 
\begin{center}\begin{tikzpicture}[line width=0.6pt]
  \draw[gray] (1.540,1.430) -- (1.540,1.320);
  \draw[black] (1.980,1.705) -- (1.980,0.220);
  \draw[black] (1.980,1.430) -- (2.860,1.430);
  \draw[black] (1.045,1.265) -- (1.375,1.265);
  \draw[black] (1.265,0.825) -- (1.595,0.825);
  \draw[blue] (0.990,1.705) .. controls (1.137,1.778) and (1.283,1.778) .. (1.430,1.705);
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.100,1.540) {2};
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,1.540) {0};
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,1.540) {5};
  \node[black, anchor=base west, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (2.200,1.540) {9};
  \node[blue, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (2.200,1.210) {2};
  \node[blue, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (2.420,1.210) {2};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,1.320) {8};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.100,1.320) {1};
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,1.100) {5};
  \node[green!55!black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,1.100) {2};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,0.880) {8};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,0.880) {1};
  \node[green!55!black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,0.605) {7};
\end{tikzpicture}\end{center}


\begin{itemize}
\item[] 205 = 9 \(\times\) 22 + 7 et 7 \(<\) 9
\item[] {\color{red} Le plus grand multiple de 9 inférieur à 205 est donc 9 \(\times\) 22 = 198.}
\end{itemize}

\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 3}}\par

{\color{green!60!black}
            Quel est le plus petit multiple de 21 supérieur à 396 ?
           }

On effectue la division euclidienne de 396 par 21 :

 
\begin{center}\begin{tikzpicture}[line width=0.6pt]
  \draw[gray] (1.540,1.430) -- (1.540,1.320);
  \draw[black] (1.980,1.705) -- (1.980,0.220);
  \draw[black] (1.980,1.430) -- (2.860,1.430);
  \draw[black] (1.045,1.265) -- (1.375,1.265);
  \draw[black] (1.045,0.825) -- (1.595,0.825);
  \draw[blue] (0.990,1.705) .. controls (1.137,1.778) and (1.283,1.778) .. (1.430,1.705);
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.100,1.540) {3};
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,1.540) {9};
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,1.540) {6};
  \node[black, anchor=base west, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (2.200,1.540) {21};
  \node[blue, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (2.200,1.210) {1};
  \node[blue, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (2.420,1.210) {8};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,1.320) {1};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.100,1.320) {2};
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,1.100) {6};
  \node[green!55!black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,1.100) {8};
  \node[green!55!black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.100,1.100) {1};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,0.880) {8};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,0.880) {6};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.100,0.880) {1};
  \node[green!55!black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,0.605) {8};
  \node[green!55!black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,0.605) {1};
\end{tikzpicture}\end{center}


\begin{itemize}
\item[] 396 = 21 \(\times\) 18 + 18 et 18 \(<\) 21
\item[] {\color{red} Le plus petit multiple de 21 inférieur à 396 est donc 21 \(\times\) 19 = 399.}
\end{itemize}

\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 4}}\par

{\color{green!60!black}
    Décomposition de  1470 en produit de facteurs premiers :

    
{\color{black}\begin{center}
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.1}
\begin{tabular}{r|l}
1470 & 2\\
735 & 3\\
245 & 5\\
49 & 7\\
7 & 7\\
1 & \\
\end{tabular}\qquad 1470 = 2 $\times$ 3 $\times$ 5 $\times$ 7\textsuperscript{2}
\end{center}}

    Décomposition de  300 en produit de facteurs premiers :

    
{\color{black}\begin{center}
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.1}
\begin{tabular}{r|l}
300 & 2\\
150 & 2\\
75 & 3\\
25 & 5\\
5 & 5\\
1 & \\
\end{tabular}\qquad 300 = 2\textsuperscript{2} $\times$ 3 $\times$ 5\textsuperscript{2}
\end{center}}

\begin{enumerate}
\item {\color{red} Décompositions :
\par\addvspace{.55em}
{\color{green!60!black} 1470 = 2 \(\times\) 3 \(\times\) 5 \(\times\) 7\textsuperscript{2}}
\par\addvspace{.55em}
{\color{green!60!black} 300 = 2\textsuperscript{2} \(\times\) 3 \(\times\) 5\textsuperscript{2}}}
\item {\color{red} Calcul du plus petit multiple commun :
\par\addvspace{.55em}
{\color{green!60!black} PPCM(1470;300) = 2\textsuperscript{2} \(\times\) 3 \(\times\) 5\textsuperscript{2} \(\times\) 7\textsuperscript{2} = 14700}}
\item {\color{red} Calcul du plus grand
         diviseur commun :
\par\addvspace{.55em}
{\color{green!60!black} PGCD(1470;300) = 2 \(\times\) 3 \(\times\) 5 = 30}}
\item {\color{red} Simplification de la fraction :
\par\addvspace{.55em}

{\color{green!60!black} Si on simplifie une fraction par
         le plus grand diviseur commun à son numérateur
         et son dénominateur, la fraction obtenue est irréductible.}

 {\color{green!60!black} d'où \(\dfrac{1470}{300}\) = \(\dfrac{1470:30}{300:30}\) = \(\dfrac{49}{10}\) } }
\end{enumerate}
}

\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 5}}\par

{\color{green!60!black}
\begin{enumerate}
\item {\color{red} Les diviseurs :

{\color{green!60!black} 10875 : \{ 1; 3; 5; 15; 25; 29; 75; 87; 125; 145; 375; 435; 725; 2175; 3625; 10875 \}
\par\addvspace{.55em}

2816 : \{ 1; 2; 4; 8; 11; 16; 22; 32; 44; 64; 88; 128; 176; 256; 352; 704; 1408; 2816 \}}

}
 \item {\color{red} Les diviseurs communs de 10875 et 2816 sont :

{\color{green!60!black}
\{ 1 \}}

 }
\item {\color{red} Le plus grand diviseur commun de 10875 et 2816 est :

{\color{green!60!black}
PGCD(10875;2816) = 1}

}
 \item {\color{red} Simplification de la fraction :

{\color{green!60!black} Leurs PGCD étant égal à 1, les nombres
10875 et 2816 sont premiers entre eux.}

 {\color{green!60!black} Donc la fraction \(\dfrac{10875}{2816}\) est irréductible.}}
\end{enumerate}
}

\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 6}}\par

\begin{enumerate}
\item {\color{red}
        1995 est-il premier ?

{\color{green!60!black}

        1995 se termine par un 5, c'est un multiple de 5 donc \emph{1995 n'est pas un nombre premier}.}

}

\item {\color{red}
        359 est-il premier ?

{\color{green!60!black}  359 = 2 \(\times\) 179 + 1 359 = 3 \(\times\) 119 + 2 359 = 5 \(\times\) 71 + 4 359 = 7 \(\times\) 51 + 2 359 = 11 \(\times\) 32 + 7 359 = 13 \(\times\) 27 + 8 359 = 17 \(\times\) 21 + 2 359 = 19 \(\times\) 18 + 17
\par\addvspace{.55em}

            359 n'a pas d'autres diviseurs que 1 et 359  donc \emph{ 359 est un nombre premier.} }

}
\item {\color{red}
        8159 est-il premier ?

{\color{green!60!black}  8159 = 2 \(\times\) 4079 + 1 8159 = 3 \(\times\) 2719 + 2 8159 = 5 \(\times\) 1631 + 4 8159 = 7 \(\times\) 1165 + 4 8159 = 11 \(\times\) 741 + 8 8159 = 13 \(\times\) 627 + 8 8159 = 17 \(\times\) 479 + 16 8159 = 19 \(\times\) 429 + 8 8159 = 23 \(\times\) 354 + 17 8159 = 29 \(\times\) 281 + 10 8159 = 31 \(\times\) 263 + 6 8159 = 37 \(\times\) 220 + 19 8159 = 41 \(\times\) 199 + 0
\par\addvspace{.55em}

            8159 est divisible par 41 donc\emph{  8159 n'est pas un nombre premier}.
            }

}
\item {\color{red}
        6652 est-il premier ?

{\color{green!60!black}

        6652 est pair donc \emph{6652 n'est pas un nombre premier}.}

}

\end{enumerate}
\end{document}
