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\begin{document}

\begin{center}
    \small Les 6 exercices d'arithmétique ci-dessous peuvent être réalisés facilement avec une calculatrice. Mais maîtrisez-vous les automatismes nécessaires pour vous en passer ? Division euclidienne, multiples, décomposition en facteurs premiers, PPCM, PGCD, fractions irréductibles et nombres premiers : un tour d'horizon complet du programme de cycle 4, utile pour réviser le DNB.
\end{center}
\vspace{0.5em}
\sloppy


{\color{blue}

« Les 6 exercices suivants peuvent être réalisés facilement avec une calculatrice. Mais maîtrisez-vous les automatismes nécessaires pour vous en passer ? »

}

\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 1}}\par

{\color{green!60!black}
    Encadre 643 et 613 par deux multiples consécutifs de 14.
    }

\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 2}}\par

{\color{green!60!black}
        Quel est le plus grand multiple de 27 inférieur à 454 ?
        }

\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 3}}\par

{\color{green!60!black}
        Quel est le plus petit multiple de 21 supérieur à 351 ?
        }

\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 4}}\par

{\color{green!60!black}
\begin{enumerate}
\item Décompose 13851 et 5440 en produit de facteurs premiers.
 \item Déduis leur PPCM (Plus petit multiple commun)
 \item Déduis en leur PGCD (Plus grand diviseur commun)
 \item Simplifie au maximum la fraction :
\par\addvspace{.55em}
\(\dfrac{13851}{5440}\)
\end{enumerate}
}

\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 5}}\par

{\color{green!60!black}
\begin{enumerate}
\item Donne les listes ordonnées des diviseurs de  690 et 736.
 \item Donne la liste ordonnée de leurs diviseurs communs.
 \item Déduis-en le PGCD de 690 et 736.
 \item Simplifie au maximum la fraction :
\par\addvspace{.55em}
\(\dfrac{690}{736}\)
\end{enumerate}
}

"
\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 6}}\par

{\color{green!60!black} Les nombres suivants sont-ils premiers ? 18946;  3197;  3849; 745 }

 \newpage
\section*{\textcolor{red}{Correction}}

\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 1}}\par

{\color{green!60!black}
        Encadre 643 et 613 par deux multiples consécutifs de 14.
        }

On effectue la division euclidienne de 643 par 14 :

 
\begin{center}\begin{tikzpicture}[line width=0.6pt]
  \draw[gray] (1.540,1.430) -- (1.540,1.320);
  \draw[black] (1.980,1.705) -- (1.980,0.220);
  \draw[black] (1.980,1.430) -- (2.860,1.430);
  \draw[black] (1.045,1.265) -- (1.375,1.265);
  \draw[black] (1.265,0.825) -- (1.595,0.825);
  \draw[blue] (0.990,1.705) .. controls (1.137,1.778) and (1.283,1.778) .. (1.430,1.705);
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.100,1.540) {6};
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,1.540) {4};
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,1.540) {3};
  \node[black, anchor=base west, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (2.200,1.540) {14};
  \node[blue, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (2.200,1.210) {4};
  \node[blue, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (2.420,1.210) {5};
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  \node[green!55!black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,1.100) {8};
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  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,0.880) {7};
  \node[green!55!black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,0.605) {3};
  \node[green!55!black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,0.605) {1};
\end{tikzpicture}\end{center}


\begin{itemize}
\item[] 643 = 14 \(\times\) 45 + 13 et 13 \(<\) 14
 \item[] 643 = 630 + 13
 \item[] {\color{red}
donc 630 \(<\) 643 \(<\) 644 (630 + 14)}
\end{itemize}

De même:

On effectue la division euclidienne de 613 par 14 :

 
\begin{center}\begin{tikzpicture}[line width=0.6pt]
  \draw[gray] (1.540,1.430) -- (1.540,1.320);
  \draw[black] (1.980,1.705) -- (1.980,0.220);
  \draw[black] (1.980,1.430) -- (2.860,1.430);
  \draw[black] (1.045,1.265) -- (1.375,1.265);
  \draw[black] (1.265,0.825) -- (1.595,0.825);
  \draw[blue] (0.990,1.705) .. controls (1.137,1.778) and (1.283,1.778) .. (1.430,1.705);
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.100,1.540) {6};
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,1.540) {1};
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,1.540) {3};
  \node[black, anchor=base west, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (2.200,1.540) {14};
  \node[blue, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (2.200,1.210) {4};
  \node[blue, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (2.420,1.210) {3};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,1.320) {6};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.100,1.320) {5};
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,1.100) {3};
  \node[green!55!black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,1.100) {5};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,0.880) {2};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,0.880) {4};
  \node[green!55!black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,0.605) {1};
  \node[green!55!black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,0.605) {1};
\end{tikzpicture}\end{center}


\begin{itemize}
\item[] 613 = 14 \(\times\) 43 + 11 et 11 \(<\) 14
 \item[] 613 = 602 + 11
 \item[] {\color{red}
donc 602 \(<\) 613 \(<\) 616 (602 + 14)}
\end{itemize}

\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 2}}\par

{\color{green!60!black}
           Quel est le plus grand multiple de 27 inférieur à 454 ?
           }

On effectue la division euclidienne de 454 par 27 :

 
\begin{center}\begin{tikzpicture}[line width=0.6pt]
  \draw[gray] (1.540,1.430) -- (1.540,1.320);
  \draw[black] (1.980,1.705) -- (1.980,0.220);
  \draw[black] (1.980,1.430) -- (2.860,1.430);
  \draw[black] (1.045,1.265) -- (1.375,1.265);
  \draw[black] (1.045,0.825) -- (1.595,0.825);
  \draw[blue] (0.990,1.705) .. controls (1.137,1.778) and (1.283,1.778) .. (1.430,1.705);
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.100,1.540) {4};
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,1.540) {5};
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,1.540) {4};
  \node[black, anchor=base west, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (2.200,1.540) {27};
  \node[blue, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (2.200,1.210) {1};
  \node[blue, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (2.420,1.210) {6};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,1.320) {7};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.100,1.320) {2};
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,1.100) {4};
  \node[green!55!black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,1.100) {8};
  \node[green!55!black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.100,1.100) {1};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,0.880) {2};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,0.880) {6};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.100,0.880) {1};
  \node[green!55!black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,0.605) {2};
  \node[green!55!black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,0.605) {2};
\end{tikzpicture}\end{center}


\begin{itemize}
\item[] 454 = 27 \(\times\) 16 + 22 et 22 \(<\) 27
\item[] {\color{red} Le plus grand multiple de 27 inférieur à 454 est donc 27 \(\times\) 16 = 432.}
\end{itemize}

\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 3}}\par

{\color{green!60!black}
            Quel est le plus petit multiple de 21 supérieur à 351 ?
           }

On effectue la division euclidienne de 351 par 21 :

 
\begin{center}\begin{tikzpicture}[line width=0.6pt]
  \draw[gray] (1.540,1.430) -- (1.540,1.320);
  \draw[black] (1.980,1.705) -- (1.980,0.220);
  \draw[black] (1.980,1.430) -- (2.860,1.430);
  \draw[black] (1.045,1.265) -- (1.375,1.265);
  \draw[black] (1.045,0.825) -- (1.595,0.825);
  \draw[blue] (0.990,1.705) .. controls (1.137,1.778) and (1.283,1.778) .. (1.430,1.705);
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.100,1.540) {3};
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,1.540) {5};
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,1.540) {1};
  \node[black, anchor=base west, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (2.200,1.540) {21};
  \node[blue, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (2.200,1.210) {1};
  \node[blue, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (2.420,1.210) {6};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,1.320) {1};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.100,1.320) {2};
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,1.100) {1};
  \node[green!55!black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,1.100) {4};
  \node[green!55!black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.100,1.100) {1};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,0.880) {6};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,0.880) {2};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.100,0.880) {1};
  \node[green!55!black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,0.605) {5};
  \node[green!55!black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,0.605) {1};
\end{tikzpicture}\end{center}


\begin{itemize}
\item[] 351 = 21 \(\times\) 16 + 15 et 15 \(<\) 21
\item[] {\color{red} Le plus petit multiple de 21 inférieur à 351 est donc 21 \(\times\) 17 = 357.}
\end{itemize}

\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 4}}\par

{\color{green!60!black}
    Décomposition de  13851 en produit de facteurs premiers :

    
{\color{black}\begin{center}
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.1}
\begin{tabular}{r|l}
13851 & 3\\
4617 & 3\\
1539 & 3\\
513 & 3\\
171 & 3\\
57 & 3\\
19 & 19\\
1 & \\
\end{tabular}\qquad 13851 = 3\textsuperscript{6} $\times$ 19
\end{center}}

    Décomposition de  5440 en produit de facteurs premiers :

    
{\color{black}\begin{center}
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.1}
\begin{tabular}{r|l}
5440 & 2\\
2720 & 2\\
1360 & 2\\
680 & 2\\
340 & 2\\
170 & 2\\
85 & 5\\
17 & 17\\
1 & \\
\end{tabular}\qquad 5440 = 2\textsuperscript{6} $\times$ 5 $\times$ 17
\end{center}}

\begin{enumerate}
\item {\color{red} Décompositions :
\par\addvspace{.55em}
{\color{green!60!black} 13851 = 3\textsuperscript{6} \(\times\) 19}
\par\addvspace{.55em}
{\color{green!60!black} 5440 = 2\textsuperscript{6} \(\times\) 5 \(\times\) 17}}
\item {\color{red} Calcul du plus petit multiple commun :
\par\addvspace{.55em}
{\color{green!60!black} PPCM(13851;5440) = 2\textsuperscript{6} \(\times\) 3\textsuperscript{6} \(\times\) 5 \(\times\) 17 \(\times\) 19 = 75349440}}
\item {\color{red} Calcul du plus grand
         diviseur commun :
\par\addvspace{.55em}
{\color{green!60!black} PGCD(13851,5440) =  1}}
 \item {\color{red} Simplification de la fraction :
\par\addvspace{.55em}
 {\color{green!60!black} Leurs PGCD étant égal à 1, les nombres
13851 et 5440 sont premiers entre eux.
\par\addvspace{.55em}

         Donc la fraction \(\dfrac{13851}{5440}\) est irréductible.}}
\end{enumerate}
}

\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 5}}\par

{\color{green!60!black}
\begin{enumerate}
\item {\color{red} Les diviseurs :

{\color{green!60!black} 690 : \{ 1; 2; 3; 5; 6; 10; 15; 23; 30; 46; 69; 115; 138; 230; 345; 690 \}
\par\addvspace{.55em}

736 : \{ 1; 2; 4; 8; 16; 23; 32; 46; 92; 184; 368; 736 \}}

}
 \item {\color{red} Les diviseurs communs de 690 et 736 sont :

{\color{green!60!black}
\{ 1; 2; 23; 46 \}}

 }
\item {\color{red} Le plus grand diviseur commun de 690 et 736 est :

{\color{green!60!black}
PGCD(690;736) = 46}

}
 \item {\color{red} Simplification de la fraction :

{\color{green!60!black} Si on simplifie une fraction par
                 le plus grand diviseur commun à son numérateur
                 et son dénominateur, la fraction obtenue est irréductible.}

 {\color{green!60!black} d'où \(\dfrac{690}{736}\) = \(\dfrac{690:46}{736:46}\) = \(\dfrac{15}{16}\) } }
\end{enumerate}
}

\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 6}}\par

\begin{enumerate}
\item {\color{red}
        18946 est-il premier ?

{\color{green!60!black}

        18946 est pair donc \emph{18946 n'est pas un nombre premier}.}

}

\item {\color{red}
        3197 est-il premier ?

{\color{green!60!black}  3197 = 2 \(\times\) 1598 + 1 3197 = 3 \(\times\) 1065 + 2 3197 = 5 \(\times\) 639 + 2 3197 = 7 \(\times\) 456 + 5 3197 = 11 \(\times\) 290 + 7 3197 = 13 \(\times\) 245 + 12 3197 = 17 \(\times\) 188 + 1 3197 = 19 \(\times\) 168 + 5 3197 = 23 \(\times\) 139 + 0
\par\addvspace{.55em}

            3197 est divisible par 23 donc\emph{  3197 n'est pas un nombre premier}.
            }

}
\item {\color{red}
        3849 est-il premier ?

{\color{green!60!black}

          3+8+4+9 = 24
\par\addvspace{.55em}
 2+4 = 6

{\color{green!60!black} Critère de divisibilité par 3 :
\par\addvspace{.55em}

                     Un nombre entier est divisible par 3 si (et seulement si) la somme de ses chiffres est elle-même divisible par 3.
                     .}

                     donc 3849 est divisible par 3.\emph{ donc 3849 n'est pas un nombre premier}.}

}
\item {\color{red}
        745 est-il premier ?

{\color{green!60!black}

        745 se termine par un 5, c'est un multiple de 5 donc \emph{745 n'est pas un nombre premier}.}

}

\end{enumerate}
\end{document}
