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\begin{document}

\begin{center}
    \small Les 6 exercices d'arithmétique ci-dessous peuvent être réalisés facilement avec une calculatrice. Mais maîtrisez-vous les automatismes nécessaires pour vous en passer ? Division euclidienne, multiples, décomposition en facteurs premiers, PPCM, PGCD, fractions irréductibles et nombres premiers : un tour d'horizon complet du programme de cycle 4, utile pour réviser le DNB.
\end{center}
\vspace{0.5em}
\sloppy


{\color{blue}

« Les 6 exercices suivants peuvent être réalisés facilement avec une calculatrice. Mais maîtrisez-vous les automatismes nécessaires pour vous en passer ? »

}

\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 1}}\par

{\color{green!60!black}
    Encadre 912 et 510 par deux multiples consécutifs de 11.
    }

\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 2}}\par

{\color{green!60!black}
        Quel est le plus grand multiple de 17 inférieur à 332 ?
        }

\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 3}}\par

{\color{green!60!black}
        Quel est le plus petit multiple de 22 supérieur à 434 ?
        }

\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 4}}\par

{\color{green!60!black}
\begin{enumerate}
\item Décompose 3825 et 9856 en produit de facteurs premiers.
 \item Déduis leur PPCM (Plus petit multiple commun)
 \item Déduis en leur PGCD (Plus grand diviseur commun)
 \item Simplifie au maximum la fraction :
\par\addvspace{.55em}
\(\dfrac{3825}{9856}\)
\end{enumerate}
}

\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 5}}\par

{\color{green!60!black}
\begin{enumerate}
\item Donne les listes ordonnées des diviseurs de  50 et 788.
 \item Donne la liste ordonnée de leurs diviseurs communs.
 \item Déduis-en le PGCD de 50 et 788.
 \item Simplifie au maximum la fraction :
\par\addvspace{.55em}
\(\dfrac{50}{788}\)
\end{enumerate}
}

"
\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 6}}\par

{\color{green!60!black} Les nombres suivants sont-ils premiers ? 755;  719;  16648; 8029 }

 \newpage
\section*{\textcolor{red}{Correction}}

\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 1}}\par

{\color{green!60!black}
        Encadre 912 et 510 par deux multiples consécutifs de 11.
        }

On effectue la division euclidienne de 912 par 11 :

 
\begin{center}\begin{tikzpicture}[line width=0.6pt]
  \draw[gray] (1.540,1.430) -- (1.540,1.320);
  \draw[black] (1.980,1.705) -- (1.980,0.220);
  \draw[black] (1.980,1.430) -- (2.860,1.430);
  \draw[black] (1.045,1.265) -- (1.375,1.265);
  \draw[black] (1.265,0.825) -- (1.595,0.825);
  \draw[blue] (0.990,1.705) .. controls (1.137,1.778) and (1.283,1.778) .. (1.430,1.705);
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.100,1.540) {9};
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,1.540) {1};
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,1.540) {2};
  \node[black, anchor=base west, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (2.200,1.540) {11};
  \node[blue, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (2.200,1.210) {8};
  \node[blue, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (2.420,1.210) {2};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,1.320) {8};
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  \node[green!55!black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,0.605) {1};
\end{tikzpicture}\end{center}


\begin{itemize}
\item[] 912 = 11 \(\times\) 82 + 10 et 10 \(<\) 11
 \item[] 912 = 902 + 10
 \item[] {\color{red}
donc 902 \(<\) 912 \(<\) 913 (902 + 11)}
\end{itemize}

De même:

On effectue la division euclidienne de 510 par 11 :

 
\begin{center}\begin{tikzpicture}[line width=0.6pt]
  \draw[gray] (1.540,1.430) -- (1.540,1.320);
  \draw[black] (1.980,1.705) -- (1.980,0.220);
  \draw[black] (1.980,1.430) -- (2.860,1.430);
  \draw[black] (1.045,1.265) -- (1.375,1.265);
  \draw[black] (1.265,0.825) -- (1.595,0.825);
  \draw[blue] (0.990,1.705) .. controls (1.137,1.778) and (1.283,1.778) .. (1.430,1.705);
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.100,1.540) {5};
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,1.540) {1};
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,1.540) {0};
  \node[black, anchor=base west, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (2.200,1.540) {11};
  \node[blue, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (2.200,1.210) {4};
  \node[blue, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (2.420,1.210) {6};
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  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,0.880) {6};
  \node[green!55!black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,0.605) {4};
\end{tikzpicture}\end{center}


\begin{itemize}
\item[] 510 = 11 \(\times\) 46 + 4 et 4 \(<\) 11
 \item[] 510 = 506 + 4
 \item[] {\color{red}
donc 506 \(<\) 510 \(<\) 517 (506 + 11)}
\end{itemize}

\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 2}}\par

{\color{green!60!black}
           Quel est le plus grand multiple de 17 inférieur à 332 ?
           }

On effectue la division euclidienne de 332 par 17 :

 
\begin{center}\begin{tikzpicture}[line width=0.6pt]
  \draw[gray] (1.540,1.430) -- (1.540,1.320);
  \draw[black] (1.980,1.705) -- (1.980,0.220);
  \draw[black] (1.980,1.430) -- (2.860,1.430);
  \draw[black] (1.045,1.265) -- (1.375,1.265);
  \draw[black] (1.045,0.825) -- (1.595,0.825);
  \draw[blue] (0.990,1.705) .. controls (1.137,1.778) and (1.283,1.778) .. (1.430,1.705);
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.100,1.540) {3};
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,1.540) {3};
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,1.540) {2};
  \node[black, anchor=base west, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (2.200,1.540) {17};
  \node[blue, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (2.200,1.210) {1};
  \node[blue, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (2.420,1.210) {9};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,1.320) {7};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.100,1.320) {1};
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,1.100) {2};
  \node[green!55!black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,1.100) {6};
  \node[green!55!black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.100,1.100) {1};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,0.880) {3};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,0.880) {5};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.100,0.880) {1};
  \node[green!55!black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,0.605) {9};
\end{tikzpicture}\end{center}


\begin{itemize}
\item[] 332 = 17 \(\times\) 19 + 9 et 9 \(<\) 17
\item[] {\color{red} Le plus grand multiple de 17 inférieur à 332 est donc 17 \(\times\) 19 = 323.}
\end{itemize}

\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 3}}\par

{\color{green!60!black}
            Quel est le plus petit multiple de 22 supérieur à 434 ?
           }

On effectue la division euclidienne de 434 par 22 :

 
\begin{center}\begin{tikzpicture}[line width=0.6pt]
  \draw[gray] (1.540,1.430) -- (1.540,1.320);
  \draw[black] (1.980,1.705) -- (1.980,0.220);
  \draw[black] (1.980,1.430) -- (2.860,1.430);
  \draw[black] (1.045,1.265) -- (1.375,1.265);
  \draw[black] (1.045,0.825) -- (1.595,0.825);
  \draw[blue] (0.990,1.705) .. controls (1.137,1.778) and (1.283,1.778) .. (1.430,1.705);
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.100,1.540) {4};
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,1.540) {3};
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,1.540) {4};
  \node[black, anchor=base west, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (2.200,1.540) {22};
  \node[blue, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (2.200,1.210) {1};
  \node[blue, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (2.420,1.210) {9};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,1.320) {2};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.100,1.320) {2};
  \node[black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,1.100) {4};
  \node[green!55!black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,1.100) {1};
  \node[green!55!black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.100,1.100) {2};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,0.880) {8};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,0.880) {9};
  \node[red, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.100,0.880) {1};
  \node[green!55!black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.540,0.605) {6};
  \node[green!55!black, anchor=base, font=\ttfamily \fontsize{6.3}{7.5}\selectfont] at (1.320,0.605) {1};
\end{tikzpicture}\end{center}


\begin{itemize}
\item[] 434 = 22 \(\times\) 19 + 16 et 16 \(<\) 22
\item[] {\color{red} Le plus petit multiple de 22 inférieur à 434 est donc 22 \(\times\) 20 = 440.}
\end{itemize}

\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 4}}\par

{\color{green!60!black}
    Décomposition de  3825 en produit de facteurs premiers :

    
{\color{black}\begin{center}
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.1}
\begin{tabular}{r|l}
3825 & 3\\
1275 & 3\\
425 & 5\\
85 & 5\\
17 & 17\\
1 & \\
\end{tabular}\qquad 3825 = 3\textsuperscript{2} $\times$ 5\textsuperscript{2} $\times$ 17
\end{center}}

    Décomposition de  9856 en produit de facteurs premiers :

    
{\color{black}\begin{center}
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.1}
\begin{tabular}{r|l}
9856 & 2\\
4928 & 2\\
2464 & 2\\
1232 & 2\\
616 & 2\\
308 & 2\\
154 & 2\\
77 & 7\\
11 & 11\\
1 & \\
\end{tabular}\qquad 9856 = 2\textsuperscript{7} $\times$ 7 $\times$ 11
\end{center}}

\begin{enumerate}
\item {\color{red} Décompositions :
\par\addvspace{.55em}
{\color{green!60!black} 3825 = 3\textsuperscript{2} \(\times\) 5\textsuperscript{2} \(\times\) 17}
\par\addvspace{.55em}
{\color{green!60!black} 9856 = 2\textsuperscript{7} \(\times\) 7 \(\times\) 11}}
\item {\color{red} Calcul du plus petit multiple commun :
\par\addvspace{.55em}
{\color{green!60!black} PPCM(3825;9856) = 2\textsuperscript{7} \(\times\) 3\textsuperscript{2} \(\times\) 5\textsuperscript{2} \(\times\) 7 \(\times\) 11 \(\times\) 17 = 37699200}}
\item {\color{red} Calcul du plus grand
         diviseur commun :
\par\addvspace{.55em}
{\color{green!60!black} PGCD(3825,9856) =  1}}
 \item {\color{red} Simplification de la fraction :
\par\addvspace{.55em}
 {\color{green!60!black} Leurs PGCD étant égal à 1, les nombres
3825 et 9856 sont premiers entre eux.
\par\addvspace{.55em}

         Donc la fraction \(\dfrac{3825}{9856}\) est irréductible.}}
\end{enumerate}
}

\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 5}}\par

{\color{green!60!black}
\begin{enumerate}
\item {\color{red} Les diviseurs :

{\color{green!60!black} 50 : \{ 1; 2; 5; 10; 25; 50 \}
\par\addvspace{.55em}

788 : \{ 1; 2; 4; 197; 394; 788 \}}

}
 \item {\color{red} Les diviseurs communs de 50 et 788 sont :

{\color{green!60!black}
\{ 1; 2 \}}

 }
\item {\color{red} Le plus grand diviseur commun de 50 et 788 est :

{\color{green!60!black}
PGCD(50;788) = 2}

}
 \item {\color{red} Simplification de la fraction :

{\color{green!60!black} Si on simplifie une fraction par
                 le plus grand diviseur commun à son numérateur
                 et son dénominateur, la fraction obtenue est irréductible.}

 {\color{green!60!black} d'où \(\dfrac{50}{788}\) = \(\dfrac{50:2}{788:2}\) = \(\dfrac{25}{394}\) } }
\end{enumerate}
}

\needspace{3\baselineskip}\par\smallskip\noindent{\color{red}\textbf{Exercice 6}}\par

\begin{enumerate}
\item {\color{red}
        755 est-il premier ?

{\color{green!60!black}

        755 se termine par un 5, c'est un multiple de 5 donc \emph{755 n'est pas un nombre premier}.}

}

\item {\color{red}
        719 est-il premier ?

{\color{green!60!black}  719 = 2 \(\times\) 359 + 1 719 = 3 \(\times\) 239 + 2 719 = 5 \(\times\) 143 + 4 719 = 7 \(\times\) 102 + 5 719 = 11 \(\times\) 65 + 4 719 = 13 \(\times\) 55 + 4 719 = 17 \(\times\) 42 + 5 719 = 19 \(\times\) 37 + 16 719 = 23 \(\times\) 31 + 6 719 = 29 \(\times\) 24 + 23
\par\addvspace{.55em}

            719 n'a pas d'autres diviseurs que 1 et 719  donc \emph{ 719 est un nombre premier.} }

}
\item {\color{red}
        16648 est-il premier ?

{\color{green!60!black}

        16648 est pair donc \emph{16648 n'est pas un nombre premier}.}

}

\item {\color{red}
        8029 est-il premier ?

{\color{green!60!black}  8029 = 2 \(\times\) 4014 + 1 8029 = 3 \(\times\) 2676 + 1 8029 = 5 \(\times\) 1605 + 4 8029 = 7 \(\times\) 1147 + 0
\par\addvspace{.55em}

            8029 est divisible par 7 donc\emph{  8029 n'est pas un nombre premier}.
            }

}
\end{enumerate}
\end{document}
